Understanding Possessive 's

In English, we use the possessive 's (apostrophe + s) to show that something belongs to someone or something else. This form is used with people, animals, countries, and sometimes time expressions.

Basic Rules:

  • For singular nouns: add 's (Mike → Mike's)
  • For plural nouns ending in -s: add only ' (students → students')
  • For irregular plural nouns: add 's (children → children's)

Quick Tip

Remember that possessive 's is about ownership, not pluralization. The noun before the 's is the owner, and the noun after is the thing owned (Mike's car = the car that belongs to Mike).

Question Form: Whose

We use "Whose" to ask about possession:

QuestionAnswer
Whose book is this?It's Sarah's (book).
Whose shoes are these?They're my father's (shoes).
Whose house is that?It's the Smiths' (house).

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Confusing "whose" with "who's": "Whose" shows possession, while "who's" is a contraction of "who is" or "who has".
  • Using apostrophe for plurals: Remember, apostrophes show possession, not plural (cats vs. cat's).
  • Adding 's to possessive pronouns: Words like "yours", "his", "hers" already show possession and don't need 's.
  • Misplacing the apostrophe in plural possessives: The students' books (correct) vs. the student's books (incorrect if referring to multiple students).